Trident and Thunderbolt

A Woman sat in gold and purple sheen,
Armed with the trident and the thunderbolt,
     — Book 7 Canto 4

The trident (trishula) is a divine symbol in Hinduism associated with Shiva. The thunderbold is associated with Indra. However, the way Sri Aurobindo uses them in this passage is definitely associated with Greek mythology.

In Greek mythology, after the victory of the gods over the Titans – that is to say, when in human evolution the mind took over from the vital – Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades divided the world between themselves. To Zeus fell the starry sky, the supraconscious. To Poseidon the sea, the subconscious. To Hades, the underworld, the unconscious. The surface of the earth, the conscious, remained the shared domain of the divine brothers.

The Cyclops, the embodiment of divine omniscience, the brothers of the Titans, gave Zeus the thunder and lightning, standing for the Omniscience and Omnipotence of the supramental respectively.

To Poseidon they offered the trident symbolising his power over the subconscious and his ability to purify it of the memories that are stored there.

So this is The Mother of Might who holds in her hands the symbols of what helps achieve the total purification of the subconscious, the trident, and the powers one gets at the highest level of the overmind coming from the supramental plane, the thunderbolt - the lightning.